Arthrosis of the hip joint is a serious pathology that develops in the hip joint as a result of nutrition and, as a result of this, the destruction of cartilage tissue and the immobility of the thigh.
With a healthy cartilage tissue of the joint, the movement occurs easily and does not cause any inconvenience.If the cartilage is damaged by arthrosis, then its surface is no longer smooth, it has a zabina, fossa that make it difficult to normal flexion/extension of the joint.The thigh becomes like the rusted loops of a garden gate, at the opening of which a creak is heard and feels tension when it moves.
The disease is dangerous in that with the untimely start of treatment, cure is not only impossible, but the course of the disease leads to further immobility and joint loss.
Causes
What is it?Coksartrosis develops for many reasons, the main one is a sedentary lifestyle.Most often, athletes suffer from this ailment due to large loads that can injure the joint.Unfortunately, arthrosis is often inherited, a congenital dislocation in the inguinal region is possible.
The reasons provoking the development of coksartrosis of the hip joint:
- Pertes disease;
- fracture of the neck of the thigh;
- getting injuries or microtrauma in childhood;
- Excess weight, high load;
- drinking alcohol;
- congenital diseases;
- increased levels of hormones (age -related changes);
- tissue inflammation;
- destruction of joint tissues;
- taking potent drugs;
- stressful situations;
- infectious and inflammatory processes;
- Pathological thigh diseases in the inguinal region.
Particular attention should be paid to the presence of injuries (microtrauma).They heal for a long time, which leads to the development of the disease for years.Most often, the disease begins to develop in people aged 40 years and older.Inflammation begins with one hip joint, but if you do not take timely treatment, the disease applies to other areas.
Symptoms of arthrosis of the hip joint
Coksartrosis most often develops in people over 40 years old.It progresses gradually, and a person’s condition worsens from year to year.If you do not treat the damaged joint, then after some time pathological changes can occur in another joint.
In world practice, it is recognized that arthrosis of the hip joint has three stages or stages of development.Each of them is characterized by their own symptoms.
1 degree of arthrosis of the hip joint
At this stage of the disease, a person experiences pain only with and after physical exertion, from prolonged running or walking, while mainly the joint itself hurts, very rarely the pain gives the pain to the thigh or knee.
Also, at the same time, the gait in a person is ordinary, chroma is not observed, the hip muscles are not atrophied.When diagnosing the pictures, bone growths are observed, which are located around the inner and outer edge of the acetabulum, other pathological disorders in the neck and head of the femur are not observed.
2 degree of arthrosis of the hip joint
With arthrosis of the 2nd degree of the hip joint, the symptoms become significant and the pain already acquire a more constant and intense nature, and at rest and when moving, they give both in the groin and into the thigh, at the load, the patient is already limping.There is also a restriction of the thigh, the volume of hip movements is reduced.
In the pictures, the narrowing of the gap becomes half from the norm, bone growths are found on the outer and in the inner edge, the head of the hip head begins to increase, deform and shift up, its edges become uneven.
3 degree of arthrosis of the hip joint
At this stage of the disease, pain is painful constant in nature, both day and night, the patient becomes difficult to move independently, so a cane or crutches is used, the volume of joint movement is very limited, the muscles of the lower leg, hips and buttocks are atrophy.
The leg is shortened and the person is forced to tilt the body when walking towards the sick leg.From the displacement of the center of gravity, the load on the damaged joint increases.In X -ray pictures, multiple bone growths are found, the head of the thigh expands and the joint gap is significantly narrowed.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis is based on an anamnesis data (identifying risk factors or causal diseases), clinical data and additional examination methods.
To clarify the diagnosis and conduct differential diagnostics will help:
- X -ray of the hip joints;
- Ultrasound of the joints;
- MRI or CT.
As a rule, to establish an accurate diagnosis, a sufficiently clinical and radiological examination.On radiographs, specific changes characteristic of each stage of the disease are found: narrowing of the joint gap, the presence of osteophytes, displacement and deformation of the femoral head, subchondral cysts and periarticular osteosclerosis, osteoporotic changes in bones.Depending on the presence of these pathological changes and their severity, the degree and stage of the disease are established.
Treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint
At the first stage, arthrosis of the hip joint is perfectly lend itself to conservative treatment.The paramount task is to relieve pain, which prevents the patient from moving.
In the process of coxarthrosis therapy,:
- restoration of nutrition and blood circulation in muscle and cartilage;
- The physical activity on the damaged joint decreases;
- restoration of damaged cartilage;
- activation of the hidden reserves of the human body, which will contribute to tissue regeneration at the microcellular level;
- increase in the joint gap;
- Restoring the mobility of the joint.
During drug treatment, this category of patients, the following drugs are prescribed:
- Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory.They will help eliminate pain, remove the formed edema and inflammation, however, their uncontrolled use will contribute to the suppression of the natural possibility of cartilage to restore.Doctors do not recommend using more than one non -steroidal drug simultaneously;
- Relaxing muscles.Remove muscle cramps, increase blood supply in the joints, but their use should take place under the supervision of a doctor due to side effects;
- Expanding vessels.They are able to relax smooth muscles and increase the space between the muscles.Have a minimum of contraindications, but their effectiveness is an individual indicator;
- Steroid type.Help with concomitant diseases like the presence of inflammation of the bone of the thigh, but have many side effects;
- Restoring cartilage.Chondroprotectors are the most useful in cure for deforming arthrosis.They feed the cartilage with the desired elements and stop the development of the disease;
- Local use.The main positive effect lies in the process of rubbing products into the skin, which relieves muscle cramps and helps to improve blood circulation.
During conservative treatment, patients should adhere to dietary, specially designed for patients with arthrosis of the hip joint.The course of therapeutic therapy includes a therapeutic massage, which is shown to patients with 1 and 2 stages of arthrosis.
Endoprosthetics
The third stage of the disease lends itself only to surgical treatment.The patient is recommended to replace the joint, or endoprosthetics.The surgeon cuts the head of the bone of the thigh, inserts a metal pin into the cut, on which it fasten the artificial head.
The prosthesis itself is single -pole (replacing only the head) and total (replacing both components).The next day after the operation, some elements of the exercise therapy are performed in the lying position in bed, the patient may stand up, but so far without support on the leg, after a few days on crutches.After 2-3 months, the crutches will not be needed, a full load on the leg will be allowed.
Patients who have undergone endoprosthetics are recommended for rehabilitation, consisting in physiotherapy exercises, a massage course, and physiotherapy.In most cases, the limb function is restored.The service life of the prosthesis is from 10 to 20 years, then it is replaced with a new one.
Gymnastics with arthrosis of the hip joint
Exercises for the struggle and prevention of coksartrosis must be carried out carefully.Movement for exercise therapy should be smooth, do not cause pain.LFK for the treatment of the disease should be mainly aimed at strengthening the muscles themselves and not load the joints.A good way to prevent coksartrosis is swimming, especially in salty water.
- Starting position: lie on the floor, stretch your arms and legs along the body.Slowly, raise the sore leg straightened in the knee joint 15 cm from the floor and hold it for about half a minute.After that, lower your leg and repeat the exercise with another foot;
- Starting position: Lie on your stomach, legs and arms stretch along the body.Raise straight legs 15 cm up, make, and then spread them to the sides.Everything should be done slowly.
The patient should remember that some exercises with arthrosis of the hip joint from the exercise therapy can be difficult for him due to its physical training.They are quite effective methods for the prevention of various ailments, therefore, are included in the exercise therapy system both with arthrosis and other diseases.
Folk remedies
In folk medicine, there are many successful methods of treating coxarthrosis:
- Tinctures and decoctions used inward (there are many recipes for the preparation of healing folk medicines, which include garlic, lemons, mummy, and various parts of plants, and honey, and so on);
- Ointments based on various natural components (ointments made of celandine, eucalyptus oil, aloe and other plants);
- Compresses and bathtubs (imposition of cabbage sheets, baths with Jerusalem artichoke and so on).
Applying all folk remedies, it must be remembered that the guarantees of a 100 percent recovery do not exist.
Prevention
Prevention measures are very important, especially if you had a history of dysplasia of the hip joint, fractures, strong bruises or purulent processes in this area.
- Body weight control (reduce the use of flour products, table salt, sweet, strong tea and coffee in the diet).With overweight, the risk of arthrosis of the hip joint increases.
- Exception of weight transfer, jumps (especially from heights).Try not to be on your feet for a long time.
- If there are diseases associated with metabolism (diabetes, atherosclerosis), they must be compensated.
- Dosed physical exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the hips and buttocks (cycling or cycling, swimming, therapeutic gymnastics).
Compliance with preventive measures, early detection of coxarthrosis and its adequate treatment is the key to a positive prognosis in this disease.